Easy2Siksha Sample Papers
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Quesons
B.A/B.Sc 5th Semester
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (Internet & Web Designing)
Based on 4-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Internet, Network & Communicaon Basics)
1. Bullen Board Service (BBS) – Concept, Evoluon & Decline
Appeared in: 2021 (Q1), 2023 (Q1)
Probability for 2025: (100%)
Always repeated under dierent wording — focuses on history, features, and
architecture of BBS systems.
2. Architecture & Working of the Internet – Role of ISPs, Routers, Servers & Clients
Appeared in: 2021 (Q2 – Rise of Internet), 2024 (Q2 – Internet Architecture)
Probability for 2025: (100%)
Internet origin and funconing is a core recurring theme — appears every alternate
year in some form.
2025 Smart Predicon Table
(Based on GNDU 2021–2024 Trend)
No.
Queson Topic
Years
Appeared
Probability for 2025
1
Bullen Board Service – Concept & Evoluon
2021, 2023
(100%)
2
Internet Architecture & Working
2021, 2024
(100%)
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No.
Queson Topic
Years
Appeared
Probability for 2025
3
Email – Working & Protocols (POP3, IMAP,
SMTP)
2021–24
(100%)
2025 GUARANTEED QUESTIONS (100% Appearance Trend)
Top 7 Must-Prepare Topics
1. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – Architecture, Working & Security
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Answers
B.A/B.Sc 5th Semester
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (Internet & Web Designing)
Based on 4-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Internet, Network & Communicaon Basics)
Bullen Board Service (BBS) – Concept, Evoluon & Decline
Appeared in: 2021 (Q1), 2023 (Q1)
Probability for 2025: (100%)
Always repeated under dierent wording — focuses on history, features, and
architecture of BBS systems.
Ans: Bulletin Board Service (BBS) – Concept, Evolution & Decline
A New Beginning in the World of Communication
Imagine the late 1970s — no social media, no WhatsApp, no Facebook, no fancy web
browsers. The internet as we know it didn’t exist. Computers were big, slow, and used
mainly by professionals or hobbyists. But even then, people had one deep desire — to
connect and communicate with others who shared the same interests.
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And from that simple human wish, something amazing was born — the Bulletin Board
System (BBS) — one of the earliest forms of online community. It was like the great-
great-grandfather of today’s social media platforms.
What Was a Bulletin Board System (BBS)?
A Bulletin Board System (BBS) was a computer server that allowed users to connect
using a telephone line and a modem. Once connected, people could:
• Post messages and read others’ messages (just like posting on Facebook walls
today)
• Share files and software
• Play simple text-based games
• Participate in discussions on topics of interest
• Even send private messages to other users
In short, it was a digital meeting place where people gathered, exchanged ideas, and
built small online communities — long before the internet became mainstream.
How Did It Work? (The Concept Explained Simply)
Let’s imagine how someone used a BBS back in the 1980s.
1. A computer owner (called the system operator or "sysop") set up a BBS using
special software on their personal computer.
2. They connected their computer to a telephone line and a modem.
3. Another user, sitting miles away, would use their own modem and phone line to
dial the sysop’s number.
4. After a few beeps and buzzes, the computers connected — and the user could
log in to the BBS.
5. Once inside, they could:
o Read public announcements
o Join topic discussions
o Upload and download files
o Send messages to others
Each BBS was like a small island community — some focused on technology, others on
gaming, education, or local news. Every BBS had its own personality and set of rules.
Technical Setup (In Easy Words)
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To make a BBS run, a few basic things were needed:
• A personal computer: usually something like an Apple II or an IBM PC.
• A modem: a device that converted digital data from the computer into sound
signals that could travel over telephone lines.
• A phone line: the physical connection between users.
• BBS software: such as “PCBoard” or “RBBS-PC” that managed messages, users,
and files.
When you connected to a BBS, your computer screen usually showed a text-based
menu (no fancy graphics back then!). You had to type commands or choose menu
numbers to navigate.
For example:
Welcome to Starlink BBS!
1. Read Messages
2. Post a Message
3. Download Files
4. Chat with SysOp
5. Log Off
This simple interface was the birthplace of digital communication as we know it.
The Evolution of BBS (A Journey Through Time)
Let’s take a walk through the timeline of how BBS evolved:
1. The Birth (Late 1970s – Early 1980s)
The very first BBS was created in 1978 by two computer enthusiasts — Ward
Christensen and Randy Suess — in Chicago, USA.
They built it as a way for computer hobbyists to share information, especially when bad
weather made it difficult to meet in person.
Their creation, called CBBS (Computerized Bulletin Board System), became the world’s
first online community. People could dial in, post messages, and read updates — a
revolutionary idea at that time.
Soon, others across the United States began building their own BBS systems. Every BBS
was unique, often built around local communities or special interests like programming,
science, or gaming.
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2. The Boom Years (Mid-1980s – Early 1990s)
By the mid-1980s, the popularity of BBS exploded.
More people started owning personal computers, and modems became affordable.
Users began creating large networks of BBSs where messages could be shared between
different systems.
One famous example was FidoNet, started by Tom Jennings in 1984.
FidoNet allowed messages to travel from one BBS to another overnight, connecting
thousands of systems worldwide — almost like an early version of email!
During this time:
• Thousands of BBSs popped up across the world.
• They offered message boards, file sharing, games, and even online shopping.
• Some BBSs became so large that they charged membership fees and had multiple
phone lines so more users could connect at once.
It was the golden age of the BBS — people formed friendships, learned programming,
discussed politics, and even met their future business partners online.
3. The Decline Begins (Mid-1990s)
But as they say, every great era meets its sunset.
In the mid-1990s, something much bigger and faster began to take shape — the
Internet.
The internet allowed people to connect not just to one computer at a time, but to
millions of websites and servers around the world.
Web browsers like Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer made it easy to surf
websites filled with images, sound, and videos — something BBSs couldn’t offer.
Slowly, users began moving away from BBSs to the web. Companies started hosting their
own websites and email services.
The telephone-based BBS, with its slow speed and limited connections, couldn’t
compete.
By the early 2000s, most BBS systems had shut down or transitioned to the internet.
However, their spirit lived on in modern online communities like forums, chat rooms,
and social media platforms.
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Why Did BBS Decline? (Simple Reasons)
Let’s look at why BBSs disappeared so quickly:
1. Limited Connectivity:
Only one person could connect at a time through a single phone line. For more
users, sysops needed more lines — which was expensive.
2. Slow Speed:
Modems were painfully slow, usually between 300 and 2400 bits per second.
Downloading even a small file could take hours!
3. Geographical Limitations:
Most BBSs were local — calling a long-distance BBS meant paying high telephone
charges.
4. The Rise of the Internet:
The Internet was faster, cheaper, global, and had multimedia capabilities. It made
BBS look outdated overnight.
5. Websites & Email Services:
With the birth of websites, emails, and search engines, people found better ways
to communicate and share information.
Legacy of the Bulletin Board System
Even though the BBS era ended, it left behind a huge legacy that shaped modern digital
life.
Here’s how BBS influenced today’s technology:
1. Online Forums and Communities:
Sites like Reddit, Quora, and online discussion boards are direct descendants of
BBS message boards.
2. File Sharing and Downloads:
The idea of uploading and downloading software started with BBS. Today, we see
it in cloud storage and torrent sharing.
3. Email and Messaging:
BBS introduced the concept of sending private messages between users — the
foundation for modern email and chat systems.
4. Online Gaming:
Text-based games on BBS inspired the creation of multiplayer online games.
5. User Identity and Profiles:
Every BBS user had a login name and profile — much like our social media
accounts today.
6. Digital Communities:
BBSs proved that technology could bring people together, long before social
networks like Facebook existed.
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A Human Touch – What Made BBS Special
Beyond the technology, what made BBS truly magical was its sense of community.
Each BBS felt like a family. The “sysop” personally knew most of the users, and people
helped each other with advice, jokes, and discussions.
In a way, it was the friendliest corner of the early digital world — personal, human, and
filled with curiosity.
There were no algorithms, no advertisements, and no fake news — just people who
genuinely wanted to connect and learn.
In a Nutshell
Aspect
Description
Full Form
Bulletin Board System
First BBS
CBBS (1978) by Ward Christensen & Randy Suess
Purpose
Online communication, file sharing, and discussions
Peak Period
Mid-1980s to early 1990s
Decline Reason
Rise of the Internet and modern web services
Legacy
Inspired forums, social media, email, and online gaming
Conclusion – The End That Sparked a Beginning
The story of the Bulletin Board System is not just about computers; it’s about people.
It’s about how human beings, with their endless curiosity, used technology to reach out
to one another long before the internet was born.
Though BBS faded away, its spirit of communication, sharing, and community still lives
in every click we make today — from online chats to social media platforms.
If the modern Internet is a mighty ocean, then BBS was the first tiny stream that started
it all — connecting hearts and minds through the simplest of digital waves.
2. Architecture & Working of the Internet – Role of ISPs, Routers, Servers & Clients
Appeared in: 2021 (Q2 – Rise of Internet), 2024 (Q2 – Internet Architecture)
Probability for 2025: (100%)
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Internet origin and funconing is a core recurring theme — appears every alternate
year in some form.
Ans: Architecture & Working of the Internet – Role of ISPs, Routers, Servers &
Clients
Imagine you’re sitting in your room, sipping tea, and you type www.google.com into
your browser. Within seconds, the page loads with millions of search results. It feels
magical, doesn’t it? But behind this “magic” lies a fascinating story of networks,
machines, and protocols working together in perfect harmony.
The Internet is like a giant global city. In this city:
• ISPs are like the roads and highways that connect neighborhoods.
• Routers are the traffic police, directing data to the right path.
• Servers are the shops, offices, and libraries where information is stored.
• Clients (like your phone or laptop) are the citizens who request and use that
information.
Let’s walk through this city step by step, understanding its architecture, working, and
the roles of ISPs, routers, servers, and clients.
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of networks. It connects millions of computers,
smartphones, and devices across the world, allowing them to communicate using a
common language called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).
Think of it as a postal system for data:
• Every device has an address (IP address).
• Data is broken into packets (like letters).
• Packets travel through routes (routers and ISPs).
• They reach the destination (server or client).
Architecture of the Internet
The Internet is built in layers, each with a specific role.
1. Physical Layer (The Wires and Signals)
• This is the foundation: cables, fiber optics, satellites, and wireless signals.
• It’s like the roads and bridges of our global city.
2. Network Layer (IP Addresses and Routing)
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• Every device has an IP address (like a house number).
• Routers decide the best path for data packets.
3. Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)
• Ensures data is delivered correctly and in order.
• Like a courier service that guarantees safe delivery.
4. Application Layer (Websites, Apps, Emails)
• This is what we see—browsers, apps, social media.
• It’s like the shops, schools, and offices in the city.
Role of ISPs (Internet Service Providers)
1. What is an ISP?
An ISP is the company that connects you to the Internet. Examples: Jio, Airtel, BSNL.
2. Functions of ISPs
• Provide Internet access through broadband, fiber, or mobile data.
• Assign IP addresses to users.
• Maintain infrastructure like cables, servers, and data centers.
• Act as a gateway between your home network and the global Internet.
3. Example
When you connect your Wi-Fi, your ISP gives your device an IP address and connects you
to the wider Internet. Without ISPs, your device would be isolated.
Role of Routers
1. What is a Router?
A router is a device that directs data packets between networks. It’s like a traffic police
officer ensuring data takes the right road.
2. Functions of Routers
• Connects your home network to the ISP.
• Forwards data packets to the correct destination.
• Uses routing tables and algorithms to find the best path.
3. Example
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When you send an email, your router forwards the data to your ISP, which then
forwards it to other routers until it reaches the recipient’s server.
Role of Servers
1. What is a Server?
A server is a powerful computer that stores and delivers information to clients.
2. Types of Servers
• Web Servers: Store websites (e.g., Google, Amazon).
• Mail Servers: Handle emails.
• File Servers: Store and share files.
• Application Servers: Run apps and services.
3. Example
When you type www.youtube.com, your request goes to YouTube’s servers, which send
back videos, images, and data to your browser.
Role of Clients
1. What is a Client?
A client is any device (computer, phone, tablet) that requests services from a server.
2. Functions of Clients
• Send requests (e.g., “Show me Google’s homepage”).
• Receive responses (e.g., the webpage).
• Display information through browsers or apps.
3. Example
When you open Instagram, your phone (client) requests data from Instagram’s servers,
which send back posts, likes, and comments.
How the Internet Works: Step-by-Step Story
Let’s trace what happens when you type www.google.com into your browser:
1. Client Request
o Your laptop (client) sends a request: “I want Google’s homepage.”
2. Router Forwards
o Your home router forwards this request to your ISP.
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3. ISP Connects
o The ISP checks its network and forwards the request to Google’s servers
through multiple routers.
4. DNS Resolution
o A Domain Name System (DNS) server translates www.google.c om into an
IP address (like finding the house number of Google).
5. Server Responds
o Google’s server receives the request, processes it, and sends back the
homepage data.
6. Data Travels Back
o The data packets travel back through ISPs and routers to your device.
7. Client Displays
o Your browser assembles the packets and displays Google’s homepage.
All this happens in milliseconds!
Storytelling Illustration
Imagine the Internet as a postal system:
• You (client) write a letter (request).
• The local post office (router) forwards it to the regional office (ISP).
• The letter travels through highways and checkpoints (routers).
• It reaches the big library (server) where the information is stored.
• The library sends back the book (response).
• The postman (ISP + router) delivers it to your home.
• You open the book (browser) and read it.
This is exactly how the Internet works—except instead of days, it takes milliseconds.
Importance of Each Component
• ISPs: Without them, you cannot connect to the Internet.
• Routers: Without them, data would get lost.
• Servers: Without them, there would be no information to access.
• Clients: Without them, the Internet would have no users.
Together, they form a circle of communication.
Contemporary Developments
1. Cloud Computing
o Servers are now virtual, hosted in massive data centers.
o Example: Google Cloud, AWS.
2. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)
o Distribute servers worldwide to deliver content faster.
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o Example: Netflix uses CDNs to stream videos smoothly.
3. 5G and Fiber Optics
o Faster ISPs mean quicker access and lower latency.
4. IoT (Internet of Things)
o Clients are no longer just computers—now fridges, cars, and watches are
clients too.
A Metaphor to Remember
Think of the Internet as a giant restaurant:
• Clients are the customers placing orders.
• Routers are the waiters carrying orders to the kitchen.
• ISPs are the roads that connect the restaurant to the city.
• Servers are the kitchen where food (data) is prepared.
Without any one of them, the restaurant cannot function.
Conclusion: The Living Web
The Internet is not just wires and machines—it is a living web of connections.
• Architecture: Built in layers, from physical cables to applications.
• ISPs: Provide the roads to connect us.
• Routers: Direct the traffic.
• Servers: Store and deliver information.
• Clients: Request and use that information.
Together, they create the seamless experience we enjoy every day—whether it’s
watching a movie, sending an email, or attending an online class.
So, the next time you click a link, remember: behind that instant response lies a vast,
coordinated dance of ISPs, routers, servers, and clients—working tirelessly to keep the
world connected.
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